ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. HYPOTHESIS: The possible risk factors that lead to death in critical inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not yet fully understood. METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective study, we enrolled 113 critical patients with COVID-19 from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between February 1, 2020 and March 15, 2020. Patients who survived or died were compared. RESULTS: A total of 113 critical patients with COVID-19 were recruited; 50 (44.3%) died, and 63 (55.7%) recovered. The proportion of patients with ventricular arrhythmia was higher in the death group than in the recovery group (P = .021) and was higher among patients with myocardial damage than patients without myocardial damage (P = .013). Multivariate analysis confirmed independent predictors of mortality from COVID-19: age > 70 years (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.28), initial neutrophil count over 6.5 × 109 /L (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.84-6.40), C-reactive protein greater than 100 mg/L (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.04-3.59), and lactate dehydrogenase over 300 U/L (HR 2.90, 95% CI 1.26-6.67). Immunoglobulin treatment (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.73) can reduce the risk of death. Sinus tachycardia (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.16-7.46) and ventricular arrhythmia (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.11-7.04) were independent ECG risk factors for mortality from COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Old age (>70 years), neutrophilia, C-reactive protein greater than 100 mg/L and lactate dehydrogenase over 300 U/L are high-risk factors for mortality in critical patients with COVID-19. Sinus tachycardia and ventricular arrhythmia are independent ECG risk factors for mortality from COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/mortality , Critical Illness/mortality , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , COVID-19/metabolism , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/metabolism , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Background The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has subsequently spread worldwide. The number of death has increased rapidly. However, the possible risk factors that lead to death in critical inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not yet fully known. This study was to explore the risk factors for mortality of critical inpatients with COVID-19.Methods In this single-centered, retrospective study, we enrolled 113 critical patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between Feb 1, 2020 and Mar 15, 2020. Data were collected using a standard method including clinical records and laboratory findings. Outcomes of survivors and death were compared.Results A total of 113 critical patients (from 29 to 95 years) with COVID-19 were recruited, 50 (44.25%) died and 63 recovered (55.75%). The proportion of patients with ventricular arrhythmia was higher in the death group than the recovery group (24.0% vs 4.4%; p = 0.021), and was higher among myocardial damage cases than non-myocardial damage cases (26.1% vs 4.3%; p = 0.013). Multivariate analysis confirmed four independent predictors related to mortality of COVID-19: age > 70 yrs (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03–3.28), initial neutrophil count more than 6.5 × 109/L (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.84–6.40), C-reactive protein greater more than 100 mg/L (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.04–3.59), and lactate dehydrogenase more than 300 U/L (HR 2.90, 95% CI 1.26–6.67). Immunoglobulin treatment (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21–0.73) can reduce the risk of death. There was no significant difference in the QT interval between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine treatment.Conclusions Old age (> 70 years), neutrophilia, C-reactive protein greater more than 100 mg/L and lactate dehydrogenase more than 300 U/L are high-risk factors for mortality of critical patients with COVID-19. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was higher in deceased patients than survivors.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Death , COVID-19 , CardiomyopathiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 threatens human health, and the mortality rate is higher in patients who develop myocardial damage. However, the possible risk factors for myocardial damage in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not fully known. METHODS AND RESULTS Critical type patients were selected randomly from 204 confirmed COVID-19 cases occurring in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 1, 2020 to February 24, 2020. Univariate analyses were used to compare the 2 groups: the myocardial damage group and the non-myocardial damage group. A total of 82 critical patients with COVID-19 were recruited: 34 with myocardial damage and 48 without myocardial damage. A total of 30 patients died in the myocardial damage group, and 20 died in the non-myocardial damage group. In univariate analysis, the proportion of elderly patients (>70 years old, 70.59% versus 37.50%; P=0.003) and patients with cardiovascular disease (41.18% versus 12.50%; P=0.003) was higher among myocardial damage patients than among non-myocardial damage patients. Multivariate analysis showed that age >70 years old (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44; 95% CI, 1.01-5.40), CRP (C-reactive protein) >100 mg/L (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.94-3.92), lactate dehydrogenase >300 U/L (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.03-6.90), and lactic acid >3 mmol/L (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.57-6.75) were independent risk factors for myocardial damage in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Old age (>70 years old), CRP >100 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >300 U/L, and lactic acid >3 mmol/L are high-risk factors related to myocardial damage in critical patients with COVID-19.